Xray Crystallography Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Xray Crystallography - Research piece of music ExampleWith the advancement in technology and discovery of roentgen rays, crystallographers found a powerful source of obtaining breeze through information about any type of crystal. With a wavelength of the order of 1010, comparable to that of the diameter of an atom, X-rays have the big businessman to penetrate into the crystal and get diffracted by atom, ions or molecules in their way. With the discovery of this technique in 1940s, the scientists utilize the specific wave-particle nature of X-rays to coif the arrangement of the constituent specie in a crystal. Crystal and its exemplification Crystal is a three dimensional pattern obtained by the repetition of unit cell, the smallest possible, arranged mickle of any crystalline solid. In crystals, the atoms, ions or molecule (the constituent species) are held into their orderly arranged positions by inter atomic, inter ionic or inter molecular forces respectively. The scientist s were searching for a way to determine the pattern of their arrangement. Once the pattern could be known, all the other information about the substance was tardily to get. Crystals were not studied, deeply, until the 17th century. Crystal symmetry was first investigated experimentally by Nicolas Steno (1669), who showed that the angles between the faces are the alike(p) in both exemplar of a particular type of crystal, and by Rene Just Hauy (1784), who discovered that every face of a crystal jakes be described by simple stacking patterns of blocks of the same contrive and size. (X-ray Crystallography. Wikipedia)... Only X-rays have the ability to penetrate into a crystal and determine the three dimensional pattern by getting diffracted by the constituent particles. The technique of X-ray Crystallography X-ray Crystallography uses a centre X-ray place to circulate the structure of a crystal. X-rays strike the particles in a crystal and transmit into many specific directions . Censors present around the crystal then cense the angle of diffraction and the strength of the beam reaching them. The pattern produced by the diffraction of X-rays through the closely spaced lattice of atoms is recorded and analyzed to reveal the structure of the crystal. The very basic fact exploited by this technique is that X-rays are diffracted by crystals. With the contrivance of this technique, Crystallography was completely revolutionized and improved. X-rays and their production X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between about 0.02 A and 100 A (1A = 10-10meters). (Nelson) They are produced when electrons from a cathode strike the electrons in the inner shells of transition elements. As these electrons are hit, the energy from pitiful electrons is transferred to them. Thus, these electrons excite and during de-excitation, these electrons emit radiations of high energy, whose wavelength lies in the invisible region of electromagnetic spectrum. These high energy, less wavelength possessing waves can penetrate into most of the crystals. X-ray Diffraction and Braggs law As X-rays hit a row of particles in a crystal, they are diffracted. Actually, the diffraction is the interaction of separate waves of X-ray beam. It can be considered as the reflection of X-ray beam from the row of constituent particles that are arranged in a crystal. There are

Write a memorandum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Write a memorandum - Essay ExampleDue to this, the City Council is losing significant taxation collections, crime has gone high, the decline in the waterfront area is more real, and the economy is dwindling. As a result, the council is decision making on how to react on these complaints. In doing this, the Council will persona the Measure A, that seeks to revitalize the economy on the waterfront area where the Marina sits. It also relies on the amended Referendum 3 that aims at limiting the governments uplifted orbit power by restricting the permissible interpretations of the universal white plague requirement for eminent domain (Dyson 1-2). The council seeks to take over the waterfront area and compensate the owners like Mr. Park. Henceforth, the metropolis plans to transfer the land to public use where it hopes to derive jobs, revenues, and minimize noise on Elm Street. The City also relies on Kelo v. City of new-fashioned London, 545 U.S. 469 case studies (2005) to succeed in its quest. Mr. Parks house, marina is on that street and the council is bound to make it a stadium. Hence, Mr. Park is seeking legal advice on how to stop the council from taking his waterfront home.In 2000, New London, a city in computed tomography, used its eminent domain powers to acquire private keeping for purposes of selling it for private use with an aim of boosting the citys economy. In doing this, New London sought to create more than kibibyte jobs, revitalize the economy, and increase tax revenues. As such, aggrieved owners took the matter to court arguing that the seized property was not for public use and the Fifth Amendment Takings limits the government from seizing private property for public use without and compensation. The legal question in this question was whether the citys seizure and selling of the reference property is of public use according to the Takings Clause of the Fifth Amendment. In a majority ruling, the Connecticut Supreme Court ruled for New L ondon qualifying the citys

Domtar Business Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Domtar Business Analysis - Research Paper ExampleDomtar has exhibited excellent immediate payment flow over the last few years. The cash flow is anticipated to rise to an average of 9% in the bordering one year. Domtars income has been declining considerably though is still considered to be performing well as compared to other companies in the same industry. Domtar Products Domtar specializes in a wide range of fiber-based products. The products include digital printing papers, specialization papers, EarthChoice papers, publishing papers, commercial printing papers, Business papers, as well as office papers. It is currently homework to start manufacturing packaging papers. Additionally, Domtar engages in the manufacture of paper grade, lumber, wood products, in addition to specialty human body. Domtar sells its products to a wide range of customers such as merchants, retailers, printers, converters, publishers, as well as end users. Domtar sells its product in spite of appear ance Canada, North America and exports to other regions of the world such as United State, which is one of the main customers (Ivara, 2012) Domtars Financial Health Financially, Domtar has been performing considerably well. It is considered the second largest paper industry in the world in terms of financial standings. In the financial statement issued on July 27, 2012, which showed the financial performance for the second drag of 2012, the report showed the considerable go down from that of the previous year. The company reported an operating income of $106 million. Although this was excellent compared to other companies in the same industry, it was, however, a decline from $ 109 million reported in the first delineate for the year 2012. The decline was attributed to increased maintenance costs in addition to reduced shipments for pulp as well as paper. However, the market prices had increased considerably which helped offset the losses, which could have been higher. However, Do mtar is anticipating worse times in the third quarter due to the challenges facing the pulp markets such as the declining demand for both paper and pulp shipments. Domtar management is planning to counteract the anticipated losses by converting the less needed communication paper to differentiation as well as packaging papers, which are still in higher demands. Additionally, Domtar hopes to increase the prices of pulp (Domtar, 2012). The cash flow from functioning activities amounted to about $30 million in the first quarter of 2011. The crownwork expenditures were approximately $29 million. By March 31, 2012, which marked the end of the first quarter of 2012, Domtar paid $47 million for outstanding premiums and recorded a free cash flow amounting to $48 million. This demonstrates strong cash flow. Additionally, Domtars cash flow is expect to average improve further in the future. Domtars line price has outdone the benchmark in the first quarter of 2012. Investors are expected t o increase their shareholdings. Additionally, the shares are expected to continue exchanging at bargain basement levels (Domtar, 2012). Any company has the main goal of increasing the assess for the shareholders.

Public administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

common administration - Essay ExampleGuided by morality, an individual is usually obliged to do well(p) even if that beloved is contrary to the law set by specific persons. A plethora of studies energize indeed shown that driving at very tall speeds on the spicyway can lead to tragical road accidents. It has also been proven that some governments are willing to pay up to $1.54 million for every demeanor lost in these traffic accidents just to make the people arrive to work places ready enough at the same succession without considering this is human life they are taking for granted.By victimization the utilitarian philosophy, which is the moral obligation of every human universe to do a common good for the best interest of others, the outcome in most cases lead to happiness. Driving at very high speeds on the highways can lead to fatal loss of lives and as such(prenominal), it is an undesirable outcome. Instead of causing happiness, it causes sorrowfulness as well as sadne ss, which is contrary to utilitarian philosophy. At times, it is essential that cardinal keeps in estimate that, whatever action you decide to take, the consequences to others will be reciprocated back to you once in your lifetime, regardless of them being good or bad.It is worth noting that the course of actions that one decides to take at a certain time is always intended to cause the highest degree of happiness. In regard to the given case, driving at high speeds in a highway cause grief and sadness instead of the happiness anticipated in order to feel complete. If everybody became morally obligated to conserving human life, no one would drive in such high speeds as driving in high speeds on highways cause discomfort to others. Upholding human life is the important moral and as such, doing so reflects respects his/her right to life (Stillman, 2009).It is in such character that we ought to apply the deontological ethics used to guide an individual through his/her day to day lif e. According to deontological theory, one should uphold

Public Relations - Professionalism. Big Pitch Assessment Essay

Public Relations - Professionalism. Big Pitch Assessment - turn up ExampleHowever, the market condition is better than ever. The luxury consumer market has expanded and there is a gravid implore for snobby potassium services not only in terms of lifestyle requirements only if also for business needs (Okonkwo, 2007, pp.237). In addition, according to an industry study, the sharp uptick in charter jet demand was also brought closely by an addition in holiday blend in and the make it optimisation introduced by private jet companies (Avinode 2011). This latter development is supported by a report closing curtain year, which found that such optimizations (ex. single-way pricing, guaranteed access and lifestyle positioning) became industry innovations that have made charter disembodied spirit more attractive than ever (Wynbrandt 2012). Europe is also on the verge of recovery and executives such as Eric Connor of NetJets Europe are bullish about the future of the industry (Con nor 2012). The business case for luxury travel was also reported by the New York Times when it found that many business travelers use lease flights in order to skip the holes and delays of commercial air travel system (Sharkey 2012). Million Air with its fleet of four jets that can accommodate six passengers bound for London, Zurich, Jersey and Monaco would be able to establish a foothold in the European market. In a brief situational analysis, the take aftering key issues were revealed A European economic recovery is underway leading to an increase in chartered jet passenger demand in the region where Million Air operates in. Aside from the traditional clientele who looks for luxury and prestige in their travel, there is also the emergence of business travelers who require swift and efficient travel directly to their goal (Sharkey 2012 ) There are huge shifts in the industry brought about by technological changes as wholesome as the increase in demand for innovative solutions to travelling needs. Million Air enjoys the bonus attribute of the brand, while the market has potential. On the other hand, it is a new company and competition could threaten its viability. PR STRATEGY The following are the PR plan objectives 1. To position the company as a gamey profile leisure based private jet service 2. To create brand awareness deep down at least 50% of our target audience prior to the launch on the January 2013 and, 3. To help increase the company bookings by 20% by September 2013. The proposed PR strategy will span one year and would aggressively push for pre-launch awareness-building, an integrated communications strategy that will support the launching activities and, follow up PR activities to further augment and sustain the momentum garnered. At the core of this strategy is a set of high profile activities to be staged in Million Airs terminal figure cities London, Zurich and Monaco. GENIUS IDEA The campaign slogan is accessible luxury. The plan focus es on the implication of premium experience at the same time will evoke concepts like efficiency and practicality. It is not about pitching luxury at a tampered cost since the market understands how quality can never flow cheap. Instead, the campaign will go back to the fundamentals behind the business why clients turn to private jets in the first place. The luxury narrative will be complemented by consistent messages about existence available, being timely, being fast, among other concepts that communicate how

Information Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Information Policy - Essay ExampleAdditionally, the vent-hole of medium breeding by websites has serious harm than good.Websites such as WikiLeaks expose highly sensitive information that was not availed to the public previously. The release of documents detailing killings of unreported Afghan civilians by WikiLeaks website. Equally, the release of records display NATOs concerns that the intelligence agency of Pakistans ISI is assisting Taliban in Afghanistan can lead to adverse political effects. It is sack up that the majority of civilian do not pay attention to these released information instead, terrorist groups and other governments use this information to inflict pain on civilians. Further, NSAs bulk surveillance programs curb terrorism. Despite Section 215 of the U.S. band Records program only disrupting one terror plot in the United States, we cannot feel its efforts since this helped prevent loss of life in some part of the world. Finally, the release of controversial documents like NSA documents by Edward Snowden usually end up being reported unresponsively by journalists thus threatening the security of the nut (Mueller, 2010).The benefits of free, limited net income access for heap who previously had no internet connection cannot measure the approachability of open, unregulated internet access for a limited few in that society. The provision of free, limited internet access to people violates their freedom by restricting the contents that they can view. The fact that the contents that these people view are restricted, overshadows the benefits associated with the free, limited internet access provided to them. Availability of open, unregulated internet access for a limited few is beneficial. These enable the few people to access freely all the information they demand that they can pass to the larger society lacking internet access.Facebooks Internet.org project may stir peoples freedom of

Project Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Project Report - turn out ExampleIn order to makes themselves stand apart from their competitors and gain competitive advantage businesses are adopting conglomerate throw circumspection strategies. By adopting such strategies businesses all over the world are responding to a repugn economic environment thereby positioning scarce investment funds in order to billfold and attain a competitive edge in this seemingly competitive world. These initiatives are actually delivered by the projects that businesses undertake which represents a significant investment for the organizations concerned. In order to conduct a robust research, we stomach adopted a survey questionnaire methodology which catered to set forth questions regarding various aspects of project management followed and implement within an organization. The survey was conducted over the telephone and was directed towards senior level officials of businesses based in UAE. The examine size was 30 and the reason for such a sample was to overcome any complexities in ambiguities associated with the answers that are obtained from the survey. Moreover, the time allocated for the survey withal limited the number of officials who could be interviewed. Having done an in-depth study, it was seen that, businesses are not be able to deliver the commitments related to a project successfully. Although some businesses are delivering the promised commitments, however, the delivery is quite inconsistent. The encourage that a business is expecting to obtain from a particular project investment is not being achieved, as a result of which the discipline of project management is coming under question. The survey that we conducted in the socio-economic class 2012 has formed a good ground work which provided a useful insight about orbicular challenges and based upon that we assume been able to provide further detail regarding economic challenges and how proper project management helps in tackling such challenges. The trends have changed over the last two grades and significant improvement have been seen the project management strategies adopted by businesses all over the world. An increase in the number of project that is being undertaken has witnessed. The study identifies effective management strategies that are critical competitive differentiator and how they are being adopted by businesses in the UAE in order to beat the competition. The project also caters to highlight certain project management practices that will help GASCO to attain more value from investments made in projects and to do so on a consistent basis. Background of the Problem Abu Dhabi Gas Industries Ltd GASCO established in the year 1978 under the benefaction of H.H. Sheikh Zayed Bin sultan Al Nahyan. GASCO is a joint venture amid Shell 15%, ADNOC 68%, Partex 2%, Total 15% and ATHEER. The organization aims at capitalizing the significant natural gas resources of UAE to create competitive advantage. Honesty, integrity and respect are the three pillars of the companys vision and it also focuses on the health, safety of people and better environment. The company is also known for sustainable development which allows them to represent a balance between the long term and short term interest of the business (Davidoff, 2009 Fannin, 2011 Fryer, 2001). It has been discover that in the recent past the company has been dealing with the issue of quality management. The issue of

Multi Channel Merchandising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Multi Channel Merchandising - attempt Example ace shoppers, as they be identified in the report, are more(prenominal) likely to be customers of all three channels and purchase four times more frequently online than the average online shopper. Super shoppers purchase from a retailers store 70% more frequently than the average store customer and cx% more frequently from the retailers catalog. The study reports that reaching the super multi-channel customer is primary to a retailers success. Retailers face stupendous risks if they dont support their online channel. Significant levels of cross-channel purchasing were reported. Online shoppers were found to be the most active, with 78% purchasing from both the web site and the brick-and-mortar store. Among those with a preference, 73% of store shoppers prefer to research their purchases online. Store shoppers in the 35-44 age root word were 24% more likely to look for or purchase items in-store that they previously had seen on a ret ailers meshwork site. Shoppers with household incomes between $75,000 and $99,999 were 55% more likely to browse online before buying. Multi-channel retail excellence corpse elusive. Many retail executives readily acknowledge that they are far from realizing rewards from true multi-channel integration. Discussions with retail executives showed a great range of sophistication levels across a number of important business areas. Some retailers have genuine buy-in from senior executives and are measuring Return On Investment (ROI) in an advanced way -- victimisation tangible revenue results and intangible factors. Other retailers are just beginning to take ROI issues to senior executives and are struggling with internal conflict over...Of course many a housewife would tell you shopping is more than purchasing a need or a want. It is an experience in itself. The concept of retail therapy is non a new one and will probably be never out of fashion. The Wall pathway learnt what these housewives knew already in the dot-com bust. The learning which came out this was that net would continue to be an effective musical instrument in retailing but it was not necessarily a either/or proposition. All companies postulate to have a presence on the net and other areas to reach a new grocery store of customers. A Key report came out in 2001 after the dust settled on the dotcom bust2. The succinct of it was as followsThe majority of retailers looking at ROI in an advanced manner have history rat them-they tend to be catalog retailers, and according to this research, their importance to the future of multi-channel retailing excellence is crucial.According to a report by the Interactive Media in Retail Group (IMRG), the industry body for e-retailers, online spending move up to 4.2 billion in July, up 80 per cent year on year. While this is great news program for a retail industry blighted by poor high street sales, such surveys hand over only a top line view of consume r behaviour.Without doubt, this surge in online activity denotes growing consumer confidence, despite escalating fears of identity theft and poor online security.

Marketing Plan for Coca-Cola Co Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing Plan for Coca-Cola Co - Term study ExampleTo create aw arness about a healthy lifestyle should be the focus of its scheme and the sales would automatically follow. Regular monitoring is essential to know where the strategy is moving. 1. Company History Started in 1886, change state was marketed as a tonic containing extracts of cocaine and caffeine-rich kola nut until 1905 (Bellis 2011). As the popularity of soda inception declined, the company released the New Coke formula in 1985. Today more than one billion drinks of Coke are consumer every day. In 125 years of its existence the company has developed more than clx low and no calories drinks in its range of products (The Coca-Cola Company 2010). It currently has more than 500 brands and is available in more than 200 countries across the world. Coke now plans to launch an energy drink in the UK market and since the market is already saturated, it has to evaluate the market characteristics, which would help the compan y to formulate the marketing strategy. 2. Environmental psychoanalysis 2.1 Economic Analysis The UK is one of the most globalized countries and its economy is the sixth-largest economy in the world. The UK has a GDP of 1.353 Euro or 23.300 Euro per inhabitant, which is the European average (Senior Watch n.d.). The UK has the opportunity to invest at the national as well as the individual level. The UK economy is just rec overing and hence even short-term tax imposed on soft and energy drinks could jeopardise the fragile economy recovery (BSDA 2011). The food and drink sector represents over 15% of manufacturing turnover and employment (IfM 2010). Its output was not affected even during the recession. The weekly earnings of plurality employed in this sector are above average and the job tenure is over nine years the sector has only 6% temporary workers. 2.2 Social Analysis The wealth of an individual immemorial person in UK is high (Senior Watch n.d.). The education level of the people is also high in UK. Obesity levels are very high in UK. Almost two in every freehanded in the UK are overweight. The quality of food and drink, as well as the sedentary lifestyle has been set as the reasons for overweight in UK (EMIS 2008). UK soft drinks consumption has gone up by 4% since 2009 as per chart shown in Appendix A. People are keen to include daily exercises and workout because of this the health and energy drinks market has high growth potential. 2.3 Political analysis The UK does not study a chair and historically most British governments are composed of ministers from a single political party although at times there is a small opposition party (Darlington 2011). Generally the UK enjoys high political stableness and hence the regulations for sectors such as food and drinks sector would not change drastically. The three parts of the UK have their own local administration and responsibilities. 2.4 Legal and regulatory analysis Since soft drinks contain high c affeine levels and since their popularity is growing, the BSDA (British Soft Drinks Association) has released a code of practice stating how the drinks should be labeled and marketed so that consumers have all the information. The labels are also expected to carry the statement, Not suitable for children, pregnant women and persons sensitive to caffeine

Exploring of Teaching Strategies for Diversity Essay

Exploring of Teaching Strategies for Diversity - Essay display caseThe efficiency of pedagogical intervention is differently designed for the teachers of low-income, multicultural and multilingual students who live in a big city with differences in economic status, the students who live in large districts who have limited resources alone high mobility rates and the teachers who travel to their schools. The instructional coaching intervention builds upon sociocultural theory. The mixed method acting study explores the efficacy of results of instructional coaching of urban teachers by using the data of focused radical discussion and the data of quantitative pre and post-invention. Five standard interventions are discussed in the article. The trained teachers took part in a workshop of 30 hours while targeting the principles of learning found on research. It also discusses the standards for effective training in order to teach the multicultural students. Pedagogical transformation a nd outlines of sustainability are demonstrated by the results of instructional coaching. The effects of the theory, its practice and research are acquired by the understanding of qualitative and quantitative results. A prodigious difference is indicated by the results. These results highlight the need of the continuing research that examines the influence of the composition of classroom based on the competency of cultural training in order to educate students. It helps new professionals to become culturally proficient and competent. The results show that the diversity in classroom composition affects the cultural competency.

The effects of marijuana on physical psychological & physiological Essay

The effects of marihuana on corporeal psychological & physiological functioning - Essay ExampleResearch also shows that the earlier people start using drugs, the much standardizedly it is for them to experiment with other drugs. Impact on physical functioning According to the National bring in of Drug Ab custom (2010), marijuana intention can lead to some immediate physical consequences like increase in face rate by as much as 50 percent, depending on the amount of THC. The increased heartbeat and pulse rate can ca put on chest pain and heart failure especially if the individual is taking other legal or illegal drugs. The white of the mettle changes to somewhat pink in color beca aim of dilation of the vessels in the conjunctiva of the eye giving it a blood-s desirous appearance. early(a) physical effects include drop of the pressure in the eyeball, sense of cold or hot hands and feet, relaxation of the muscles and dry mouth and throat. These effects are temporary and mostl y disappear aft(prenominal) a couple of hours. The unfiltered smoke inhaled into the lungs can cause cellular changes called metaplasia, which are considered precancerous. Continual smoking of marijuana can cause tissue damage resulting in abnormal functioning of the lungs since the amount of tar inhaled by marijuana smokers is nearly three to five times more than that inhaled by tobacco smokers. In lab test, the tars from marijuana smoke have produced tumors when applied to animal skin (Venable, P.C., 2004). These studies suggest that it is likely that marijuana use can cause cancer if used for a prolonged period of time. In men, marijuana use has been found to decrease testosterone, cause breast enlargement and lead to sterility particularly if the drug use began during puberty. In women, marijuana leads to irregular menstrual cycles, depression, an increased testosterone level and the possibility for having children with moderate to severe physical and mental deficiencies rangi ng from learning disabilities to babies born with weak central nervous systems. Some research studies suggest that the use of marijuana during pregnancy may result in premature babies and in low birth weights (National engraft of Drug Abuse, 2010). Impact on psychological functioning Marijuana has been found to be psychologically addictive and users have been found to have a hard time limiting their use. Although many argue that marijuana is not addictive, users who have stopped smoking it report irritability, inability to sleep, uncontrollable crying, mood swings and feelings of sickness during withdrawal. long-term marijuana users crave for higher doses of the drug to get the same high. Although marijuana causes the users to feel jubilant and happy within minutes of using the drug, they often feel paranoid. One of the adverse reactions to marijuana is cracking panic anxiety. People who have used marijuana describe this reaction as an extremum fear of losing control which caus es panic causing them to often look out the windows, pace the floors or chew the fat their fingernails (National Institute of Drug Abuse, 2010). These symptoms usually disappear in a few hours. Impact

Interview Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Interview Report - identification ExampleTo me, I view him as a perfect example and a living consequence that age is just but a number (Neugarten, 2006). His case is interesting because the society perceives the old as people with no energy, should not work and probably should rest in care homes. However, he disapproves the stereotypes.Besides, Antonys capacity at work is usually a preserve of the young and energetic people who so-and-so serve clients demands with precision. Interestingly, he narrates to me that he is peoples favorite at the bar. He points out that near of his customers are young people, but he manages to mix his services with life advice. An ascribe that makes him stands out from other workers. Antony points out that he felt the odd one out when he started the work. However, the anatomy nature of Americans and the equal opportunity that the American society provides to all the citizens and the foreigners motivated him.I find Antony to be an excellent person. H is passion, vigor, and desire to achieve even in severe environments are attributes I value most in my life. Therefore, my interaction to change my perception about work. It also enabled learn the importance of knowing divers(prenominal) peoples culture as a mechanism for promoting world

Racism in the United States Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Racism in the United States - Research composition ExampleAll other races at 1 point exhibit racist tendencies towards the Caucasians and among themselves. As off the beaten track(predicate) as the government is concerned there is no racial discrimination as the law is quite have that it is illegal. As comp ared to earlier times of slavery and periods before the 1960s (when civil rights movements were most vocal), open racism has subsided in a huge way. Its form has also changed to be more covertly and technically portrayed than before. The education system, the justice system, health sector and the corporate sector in the United States are some sectors where many feel racism still exists. Immigration issue has also played a post towards racism. Campaigns against and for immigration have on numerous occasions centered on racism. These are some of the issues that be given to the discussion as to whether racism still exists in the United States since they touch on the lives of many. Racism in the US still exists but in a more subtle way as compared to yesteryears and bypast centuries, and it is manifested in all races not just Caucasians versus all others. Racism puts those being discriminated against in positions of uncertainty and lucid difficulty. Racists work towards ensuring the system is water tight to prevent success of the minority groups. Minority groups are impede from fully participating in the education system, health system, corporate sector and other realms of social development, for example, politics. These scenarios are quite well depicted in Ellisons Battle Royal. The author here tries to portray the behavior of an ordinary but eloquent and learned African American back in the early twentieth century. At first the story informs that the young man is optimistic that, with his talent and education, the society will go for him. The society here means the neats in the boys community, and this is clearly illustrated when he says, I por trayed myself as a potential Booker T. Washington (Ellison 939). The state of social affairs is also deduced from unimportance being the key point in his speech. The story further depicts the hard position in which racism put African Americans by stating that the audiences at the battle royal were divided on whether the fighters were to sapidity at the naked girl dancing in front of them. This scenario saw a portion of the audiences order the fighters to look at the girl while the other portion ordered them not to do so owe to the belief that it is a taboo for an African American to stare at the nakedness of a white woman. The author stated some threatened us if we looked and others if we did not. On my right I saw one boy faint (Ellison 940). This taboo among many others, mostly in the Southern States, was meant to distant other races from marrying the whites and as tools to harass African American men. The Southern states has such high levels of discrimination against African Ame ricans that even later the Civil Rights marches, many still lost their lives and a great deal of their properties including houses all for in the give ear of white women pursuance. The minority groups have for decades received promises of better lives and a bigger share of the national bar with no tangible evidence of these promises fulfillments. This is depicted by the fact that the gold coins are only make of brass thereby showing deception toward the African Americans. It is also clear that the African Ameri

Battle of the Bulge Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Battle of the Bulge - Research Paper ExampleHowever, the Germans were crushed by the join armed forces of Bastogne and St. Vith that placed the Germans communication lines in danger. The St. Vith encounter chose time over space the time take to set up a strong shoulder defense on the Bulges northern border.2 The triumphant defense of Bastognes transportation center pushed German forces into flake grounds and reset the German timeframe.3 Military Tactics of the Battle of the Bulge In the two encounters, a combination of intense and moderate defenses was employed successfully. In the northern side, airborne and infantry forces reinforced the 7th Armored family fixity in St. Vith. The 7th Armored Divisions triumphant fighting withdrawal provided an opportunity to append a solid defense on the Bulges north border.4 This disrupted the timeframe for the German offensive and its troops were not adequate to(p) to recover their strength hence, the German circumstances for victory we re never attained. In the southern side, the traces of the 9th and 10th Armored Divisions, as well as their crude weaponry and a heel of VIII Corps Artillery forces, gave the armament support and mobile counter-offensive force for the overpowered units of the 101st Airborne Division enclosed in Bastogne.5 The Bastogne stronghold demonstrates how a light force, reinforced with armament support and well-equipped forces, was successful in holding out the assault of heavily armed German troops. This case was adopted as fork of the basis for the creation of U.S. light divisions and to validate their importance in a NATO context.6 As a inference to the value of a combination of light and heavy forces in mid- to- high-level fighting, combinations of heavy and light forces squander been required for the circumstances of the Armys Battle Command Training Programs automated, HQ practice combat games. They have been proven successful in Iraq as well.7 The capacity to envision the combat p artition, as in the focused lens of Napoleon, that defines an exceptional war leader, was shown by General Anthony McAuliffe, Troy Middleton, and Bruce Clarke in making a decision where to battle and how to carry it out. Middleton understood that controlling the major road intersections of Bastogne and St. Vith for the lasting possible time was needed to ward off the German forces.8 By choosing to defend these road intersections, Middleton determine the battles operational direction. McAuliffe and Clarke contributed to the cause by understanding the enormity of their task and by con trending gauzy strategic battles to control those road intersections and hinder the opponent.9 Another official who was able envision the combat zone and who had an outstanding hold of his battleground was Lt. Col. Creighton W. Abrams, who led the ultimate attack that released Bastogne.10 According to a report Abrams, when he got into combat, knew anything was going on. How he knew it, nobody knew, b ut he did. He knew where every tank was. He knew where every piece of equipment was, and he could command and move his outfit and always defeat the enemy in front of him. It was just that simple.11 Abrams undoubtedly had situational understanding and a general working image of what was taking place. Although Middleton and his commanding officers were able to envision the combat zone after the Germans revealed their plan, the German deception scheme was

Safeguarding Young People Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Safeguarding newfangled People - Essay ExampleThis research will begin with the statement that the world is changing and so are the people living in it. Every day we are bombarded with news of new technology evolving, new cures for the ailing and progress and research in every field. Unfortunately, the changing world has also condition us a reason to fearfulness for our safety. Since the 9/11 attacks on the world trade center, act of terrorism has become the it word and our times has seen quite a few examples of terrorism already. The US attacks on Afghanistan and Iraq has instilled fear of attack against all Muslim nations just because terrorism and Islam have time and again molestly been use concurrently and many times interchangeably. However, the successes and concerns discussed above have all been on the Macro level. It is important that these successes and concerns be judged on an individual level too. At this microscopic level, we can find out lesser issues of manners an d the little reasons happiness. Scoring a good grade on a term paper capability be the source of happiness for a student while family pressures whitethorn be a meritless factor. This paper aims to discuss these micro-level problems the youth face in that period from birth becoming unsalted adults. straightaways youth is tomorrows future. This adage holds true since kidskinren of today will necessarily become important people in the future. Protecting and adverting after them is not only a duty of the parents but also of the whole society. Sometime in the future parents will expect their children to look after them, and the society would want that the children take care of the societys values and beliefs too. Safeguarding is the term that is utilize to describe the caring and protection the youth need against the various deteriorations and risks they unknowingly face each day. (Safeguarding, rascal 257) The example in Activity 1 (page 257) helps us to discover the concept a nd meaning of Safeguarding. In the example, Carl is draw as an outgoing person who hangs out with his friends. He is abused at home so he goes out with some passageway friends who are of the wrong type and so he gets involved into wrong activities as well resulting in his grades at school to drop.Evaluating this scenario we can say that everybody near him is at a risk of getting hurt. Hanging out with the wrong type of friends may harm the whole society. being irregular at school and a source of getting bullied also poses risk to the school milieu and other students. However a friendly worker would describe as Carl being at the highest risk. home(prenominal) abuse, bullying, lighting a fire and abusive language are the risks that Carl faces in his life. He might be kicked out of school and since his parents dont care about him, and end up with his hooligan street friends stealing to live his life and if he gets caught someday, he will end up in prison. This is how well a pers ons life can be destroyed if they are not safeguarded. wherefore it is our binding duty to protect such innocent children and show them the correct path to the future. bothers FacedChildren usually perceive their problems to be connected with the broad domains of school, family and friends. These are usually the domains through which the children get to interact with others and learn. Problem such as domestic abuse may lead to pervasive and persistent damage to health. Family and social relationships will inevitably decrease and the child will become anti-social. Getting bullied in school may hamper the education capability of a person and can downgrade the emotional and behavioural development. The child then might just want to hide his social presence and not participate at all in collective activities that are prompted by the society. (Safeguarding, Page 258, 259) (Young People and Welfare, Page 1)It is observed that when young people are able to rid themselves from situations of harm, they make them vulnerable to a different sort of harm that is usually much dangerous. A child, who runs away from home since his father abuses and hits him, might adopt a more passive

Life of Rabindra Nath Tagore Essay Example for Free

Life of Rabindra Nath Tagore EssayTagores external travels also sharpened his opinion that human divisions were shallow. During a May 1932 visit to a Bedouin encampment in the Iraqi desert, the tribal chief told him that Our prophet has said that a true Muslim is he by whose words and deeds not the least of his brother-men may ever come to any harm Tagore noted in his diary I was startled into recognizing in his words the voice of essential humanity. 1 In his go decade, Tagore compiled fifteen volumes of writings, including works of prose-poems such as Punashcha (1932), Shes Saptak (1935), and Patraput (1936). He also continued his experimentations by developing prose-songs and dance-dramas, including Chitrangada (1936), Shyama (1939), and Chandalika (1938). He also wrote the novels Dui Bon (1933), Malancha (1934), and Char Adhyay (1934). Tagore also took an interest in science in his last geezerhood, writing Visva-Parichay (a charm of essays) in 1937.He wrote on topics ra nging from biology to physics, and astronomy meanwhile, his poetry containing extensive naturalism underscored his respect for scientific laws. He also wove the process of science (including narratives of scientists) into many stories contained in such volumes as Se (1937), nominate Sangi (1940), and Galpasalpa (1941). 2 editIllness of 1937-1941 Tagores last four years (19371941) were marked by chronic pain and two long periods of illness.These began when Tagore incapacitated consciousness in late 1937 he remained comatose and near death for an extended period. This was followed three years later in late 1940 by a similar spell, from which he never recovered. The poetry Tagore wrote in these twilight years are distinctive for their preoccupation with death these more profound and mystical experimentations allowed Tagore to be branded a modern poet. 3 After extended suffering,4 Tagore died on August 7, 1941 (22 Shravan 1348) in an upstairs agency of the Jorasanko mansion in whic h he was raised. 5 This date is still mourned in public functions held across the Bangla-speaking world. The last psyche to see Tagore alive was Amiya Kumar Sen (brother of Sukumar Sen, the first chief election commissioner) Tagore dictated his last poem to Sen, who wrote it down. Sen later donated the resulting potation to a museum in Kolkata.

The Christ of Velázquez †Poetry Visits Art Essay Example for Free

The rescuer of Velzquez Poetry Visits Art experimentLeonardo da Vinci is quoted as saying, moving picture is poetry that is seen or else than felt, and poetry is pic that is felt rather than seen. There is no better illustration of this than the inspirational motion picture of Diego Rodriquez de Silva y Velazquez The delivery boy of San Placido, much commonly known as The Christ of Velazquez and the equally moving poetic meditation on Velazquezs painting by Miguel de Unamuno centuries later. Painting and poetry, as da Vinci suggested, join together in a al adept(p) federal agency the artificer painting what he feels in his mind and the poet feeling in his soul what is painted. The Painting Diego Velazquez was one of the fore near Spanish painters of the 17th century. And one of his greatest paintings was The Christ of San Placido which was painted in 1638 for the convent of San Placido, provided now resides in the Museo de Prado in Madrid. This stirring depiction of Christ just after His death offers an receptive invitation for the viewer to meditate on this epic moment. The body of Christ on the cross stands only when on the backdrop of a black sky. The crucifix has no flourishes or embellishments.Velazquez chose to portray this solitary Christ with His direct hanging and the right side of his face covered by his hair. (Diego) This veil of hair has prompted many explanations. The Museo de Prados explanation is that Velazquez could not copy Christs expression on that side of His face and so he opted to cover the left right side with His falling hair instead. Another analysis assumes that this disruption of the immobility of the body was done to recall the torture and the cruelty that Christ suffered.Yet another attri thoes this half-hidden face to the artists intention to lead the viewer of the painting into the spiritual world. (The Painted) Whatever the artists purpose might have been, it cannot be denied that this purposely simple re presentation of the dead Christ, dripping tide rip can inspire deep spiritual reflection. Its Inspirational Connection to Poetry Ekphrasis Ekphrasis, purely defined, is a literary description of or commentary on a visual work of art. (Ekphrasis-Merriam) This is, of course, a sterile comment that cannot begin to convey the true connection that art and poetry can en pleasure.The term goes back as far as Homers The Iliad, in which he vividly describes how the blacksmith god forged the sieve of Achilles. Modern ekphrasis tends to focus only on works of art and not so much by extraordinary description as in the case of the Shield of Achilles as by how the art inspires or moves the poet. (Ekphrasis Poetry) This is what Miguel de Unamuno undertook to do with his book-length poem El Cristo de Velazquez. Unamuno expressed his spiritual doubts by means of his poetry. With El Cristo de Velazquez he confronts the painting of Velazquez to define a uniquely Spanish Christ. (Miguel) The star k simulacrum of Christ on the cross create deep feelings from Unamuno, some mystical, some perplexing. He put these thoughts into lyrical form over the course of septette years producing a piece that is considered by some to be a most important unearthly poem. Its 2,538 lines are divided into four conk outs. They relate to Christ as a symbol of sacrifice and redemption, as a reflection of His many names, as God painted with the scour of Velazquez and they end with an invocation to the sanctum Spirit to guide Unamuno as He guided Velazquez. (Nozick 178) The Personalization of The Christ of Velazquez by UnamunoIn his book on Unamuno, Martin Nozick speculates on why Unamuno would have chosen this painting by Velazquez rather than any of the myriad of others he could have chosen as the subject of his poem. He notes that Unamuno thought that the representation of Christ that was adopted by the king of Spain as his official symbol was bland as compared with the image of Christ paint ed by Velazquez and that the Christ of Cabrera was granitic and the Christ of Santa Clara more than like a wooden mannequin. (179) It seems that the Christ of Velazquez was ordained to be his choice.The posture of Christ in Velazquezs painting is somewhat unique in that it suggests that death has already occurred. His head is hanging limply while His face, now as lifeless as His body, is veiled by his mangled locks of hair. Undoubtedly this moved Unamuno to comment on Christ in Part One as the etiolated Lamb of God whose death took away the sins of the world. (Section XVI) He continues with expressive commentary on Christ as the host of wheat ground under the millstone, an apt expression for one who had gone through so much suffering for mankind.(Section XVII) The symbolic use of the colors of white and red to contrast the fullness of Christ as the Son of God with the human suffering of the Son of Man run throughout this part of the poem especially. Unamuno stops to reflect on th e white linen in which Christs body is so meagerly wrapped and refers to Him as the white lion of the desert, among other references to the color white (white cloud, white light, white bull, etc. ). These references are juxtaposed against the stark images of the red blood that runs from the wounds of Christ.Unamuno paints this in one line as he describes Christs whiteness dotted with bloody riddles. (Section XXIV) However he does not merely explain the vividness of the white dotted with red. It is evident through his verse that he is also deeply affected by these aspects of the painting. The exhausting effort that is manifest in this first part may have prompted a weaker, less driven man to end the poem there. But Unamuno forges on. In Part II the painting inspires a recounting of earthly forces much(prenominal) as fire and wet and storm intertwined with deep insights into the soul of Unamuno.This second part also reflects the biblical aspects of Christ and His mission of salvati on. It evokes an diachronic aspect often citing events from the Bible as well as some of the many titles of Christ such as Lion of Judah, King of the Desert, Light of Life and more. From the powerful imagery of Unamuno in this part emerges the soul of a man who is trying to grasp the full meaning of salvation, seeing it as something that mankind was devoted as a gift but did not deserve. God the Father is seen by Unamuno as the lie Christ is seen as the moon and the earth is the Virgin Mother.As Cannon puts it, It is a mythic third in accord with ancient beliefs in the magic and perfection of three-ness and in the family organization of the cosmos. (28) Cannon tells us that Unamuno even made a full-page drawing which he attached to the final manuscript representing this cosmogonic triad. This seems to infer that Unamuno saw in Velazquezs painting more than what was physically there. The painting evidently inspired a much greater vision in the mind of Unamuno one that portrays him as an intoxicated revivalist (Nozick 180)Unamuno does come back to earth however in Part III by concentrating on the tangible features of Christ in the actual painting His head, face, eyes, ears, arms, hands, etc. Consider this translation in the section dealings with the eyes of Christ. Shivering russet which dew on your eyelashes, Pearls of fire shudder liquid And going through the colonisation of the eyelids Viewed with dark eyes . . . . The imagery is magnificent and throughout this imagery are woven references, once again, to the Bible, both Old and New Testaments.Unamuno himself calls this a sort of rhythmoid, dense prose. (180) This third part of the poem is probably the most descriptive of the painting itself whereas the prior two parts were more illustrative of the feelings that the painting evoked. As Unamuno leaves the more descriptive portion of his poetry behind, he approaches what Cannon considers the most famous part of the poem. (Cannon 28) It begins and en ds in darkness, but in between Unamuno presents the luminous white body of the glorified Christ. (28) Here again, Unamuno pulls hope out of despair, joy out of sorrow, expectation out of apathy. The images that the painting of Christ by Velazquez inspires in Unamuno are powerful ones that reconstruct a lasting impression on the reader. It may be that Unamuno has personalized Christ in a way that may not occur to the casual observer of this or any other painting of Christ on the cross and in this intense personalization Unamuno vitalizes the depiction of Christ with hope a way out of the darkness.Velazquez painted his Christ on the cross to be a stark and solitary figure devoid of the sympathetic eye of the observers present at the crucifixion. Unamuno supplements the darkness of the artists work with a renewed sense of anticipation of his own death and rebirth in Christ. He ends his poem with a plea that he may enter the clear day that has no end, my eyes fixed on Thy white body, Son of Man, complete Humanity . . . my eyes fixed on Thine eyes, oh Christ, my gaze submerged in Thee, oh Lord His life was admittedly full of theological uncertainties, but the spiritual doubts that may have manifested themselves in the life of Unamuno are put to rest in this profusion of imagery inspired by The Christ of Velazquez that was written and rewritten over seven years by Unamuno. The sweeping dynamic of the painters brush met the commanding inspiration of the poets pen so that together they make an impact that neither of them alone could manage.Works CitedCannon, Calvin. The Mythic Cosmology of Unamunos El Cristo de Velzquez. Hispanic Review 28 (1960) 28 39. end Works of Miguel de Unamuno. Ed. Ricardo Senabre. Vol. 4., Madrid Jose Antonio Castro Foundation, 2006. Madrid Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes 20 Oct. 2008 http//www.cervantesvirtual.com.

Presidential Election Essay Example for Free

Presidential election EssayThe democratic government of the United States of America has a different and unique of electing the head of their State. The part of Electoral College has been going on for tow centuries now. This electoral process has been used for many years. Many chairwoman of USA seated and led America because of this process Thou there ar amendments in this process, solace some critics finds this process unfair and unjust in choosing the president of the state of matter. How Does Electoral College Work?The Electoral College is a process that was founded to compromise between election of the president by Congress and election by usual vote. In this process, each State is allocated a number of electors equal to the number of its U. S. Senators (always 2) plus the number of its U. S. Representatives. or else of voting directly for a presidential candidate (and his or her vice-presidential running mate), voters vote for a slate of electors who be pledged to vote for a particular presidential ticket (president/vice-president team).The political parties in each state select a slate of electors. The electors selected by the party of the candidate winning the around popular votes in a state become the electors for that state. The number of electors for a State is based on the number of members in the House of Representatives who represent the State, plus two for the States Senators. The States population determines a States Congressional delegation (Nara, 2006). The number of electors is determined by Article II, section 1 paragraph 2 of the constitution (Fortier, 2004).These electors are selected by popular vote and (except in Maine and Nebraska) these popular votes are combined on a statewide basis. States may divide themselves into presidential electors, districts and combined the vote inwardly each district. only if in Maine and Nebraska, it was required that some lectors to be elect in districts and some at large. Which ever the ca se maybe, the electoral vote of the state can be divided and float for much than one presidential and vice presidential candidate (Fortier, 2004)The process is administered by the National Achieves and Records Administration (NARA) through and through the Office of the Federal Register. In United States elections they do not tally the total number of votes cast across the nations, instead they count it state-by-state. The candidate in the a Presidential election wins by get the majority number of electoral votes. Because of this, a Presidential candidate who win the popular vote is probably to lose if he lost in the electoral vote. This happened in several occasions in the record if the United States.One of the recent was the 2000 Presidential Election between Bush and thrust. In cases that there is none of the candidate get the majority of votes, the congress chooses the President and the Senate chooses the Vice- President. If in case there have not chosen any president and v ice president on the inauguration day then the coterminous in line will act as the temporary president until the time they have chosen one. After the vice president, the rightful leader is the Speaker of the House then the President of the Senate. The 2000 Presidential Elections In the United States, the most popular votes does not always win.In 2000, presidential election where Al Gore won the popular vote, but he does not became the president of the United States because through a building complex system involving representative votes, as well as a favorable court ruling he lost to George Bush. Only five 538 citizens really vote to choose for the president and vice president. This 200 century years old history of the Electoral College system is gathering so many negative reviews and proposal for reforms and amendments. According to Kimberling (2002) many critics have said that said that this process has many disadvantage and some of them are the following The possibility of elec ting a nonage president The risk of so-called faithless Electors The possible use of goods and services of the Electoral College in depressing voter turnout, and Its failure to accurately reflect the national popular will. But there are people who believe in the efficieny of the system and state the following arguments contributes to the cohesiveness of the country by requiring a distribution of popular support to be elected president enhances the status of minority interests, contributes to the political stability of the nation by encouraging a two party system, and maintains a national system of government and representation. Conclusion The Electoral College System has been used for the past 200 hundred years in the election in the United States. The legislative body in USA must recollect that time is changing and the system that was applicable 200 hundred years ago may not be applicasble anymore in the process of electing a president. Especially now, with the height of d ifferent technologies that can be used by the candidates for their advantage. It is good that they review and revised and if not totally abolished this system.They should be creative and resourceful enough to find the most suitable process of electing the president of the United States because it is the most important might in the United States of America References Fortier, John C. (2004) After the People Vote. American Enterprise Institute. 13 Kimberling, William (2002) The Electoral College. Retrieved on November 26, 2006. http//www. fec. gov/pdf/eleccoll. pdf NARA (2006) What is Electoral College. Retrieved on November 26, 2006. http//www. archives. gov/federal-register/electoral-college/electors. html

Critical Analysis of Looking for Alibrandi and Swashbuckler Essay Example for Free

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Marcel Duchamp and Dadaism Essay Example for Free

marcel Duchamp and dad EssayThe artistic production of Dadaism had its roots as an anti-art movement. The boundary of time in Art bill Dadaism represents was approximately period of time from 1916 to 1924. Dadaism jilted the way art was appreciated and the way art was generally being defined in contemporary art scenes at that time (Tomkins, 1985). Dadism art movement was a response to World War I and was founded in Zurich, Switzerland. There werent all unifying esthetical characteristics in Dada art however, the Dadaists did lot an extremely skeptical attitude towards what were at the time, the expectations of artists and writers. The word Dadaism was chosen for its naive sound (Gale, 1997). later on originating in Zurich, the Dadaism art movement continued to spread to places like Berlin, Cologne, Hanover, Paris, Russia and New York City (Gale, 1997). numerous of the original Dadaist would gather at a nightclub in Zurich, Switzerland called Hugo Balls Cabaret Voltaire, to excerpt their ideas (Tomkins, 1985). As far as the United States, the central locations for Dada art were Alfred Steiglitzs gallery 291, a studio at 291 Fifth Avenue, along with the studio of the Walter Arensbergs, a Harvard-educated U. S.resident and art collector (Tomkins, 1985). Because Switzerland was achromatic to both WWI and WWII, objectors to the war, those avoiding military service and those who just wanted to find a place for free looking at gravitated to Switzerland. Integral to the Dada movement was the attempt not to categorize the art work using either association with any reference to analyzing the art intellectually. Dada was also a reaction the bourgeois capital of Seychelles values of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Dadaism was considered absurb and playful but at the aforesaid(prenominal) time it was considered to be intuitive and cryptic (Art, 2006).The methods used in producing this Dada art were not customary and they used what they referred to at the time as the chance technique and found objects (Art, 2006). The Dadaists were trying to make their narrative on the social values and cultural trends of a contemporary world facing a waste period of war (Art, 2006). One of the artists associated with Dada and Surrealism was French artist Marcel Duchamp. However, according to some of my sundry(a) readings, Duchamps actual participation in Surrealism was mostly behind the scenes.Most readings on Duchamp states that once he became involved in New York Dada, he seldom ever participated in Paris Dada. One of the reasons Marcel Duchamp is viewed as an enigma is that he is regarded as having produced one of the most diverse collections of masterpieces in the shortest amount of time. whatsoever of the work Duchamp is most state for are his oil on canvas Nude Descending a Staircase, The Bride Stripped Bare by her Bachelors, and his ready-mades which include the Bicycle Wheel and the porcelain urinal Fountain (Tomkins, 1985).In o ne origin it was noted about Duchamps short creative period, Duchamp was content to let others develop the themes he had originated his permeant influence was crucial to the development of surrealism, Dada and pop art (Marcel, 2007). Upon viewing Duchamps various art pieces in the research I did for this paper, my personal thoughts are that Duchamp could have crimson felt that he was even using his Dadaism art in making fun of those who admired it, purchased prints of it and highly regarded it in any way.For example, in claiming a ready-made porcelain urinal and attaching a ready-made bicycle wheel to a ready-made stool, lacked slightly much any originality and even if it Dada was considered anti-art, he could have been fooling his audience. In one of my readings it noted that he was extremely surprised that he already had a large fan base in the United States upon arriving here. It could be that he thought he was fooling less people than he realized with some of the pieces he chose to present as his art.In one of the readings it stated that Duchamp retained a smashing sense of humor in all circumstanceseven to his death. Through humor, Duchamp abolished the difference between that which possesses and aesthetic quality and that which doesnt (Kuenzli). So it could be said that possibly Duchamp was just testing us to check up on at what if we got his Dadaism joke. While the Dadaist movement eventually declined in its popularity in the 1920s, many artists who were before practicing Dadaism began practicing Surrealism. There was noted a Dadaism revival which occurred in New York in the mid 1950s. many another(prenominal) feel this reaffirmed that Dada art was an important artistic movement in the world of arts. References Art History Dadaism. World Wide. 2006. World Wide Arts Resources. 14 May 2007 http//wwar. com/masters/movements/dadaism. html. Gale, Matthew. Dada Surrealism. Art ideas. capital of the United Kingdom Phaidon, 1997. Kuenzli, Rudolf. Marc el Duchamp Artist of the Century. Cambridge, Massachusetts MIT Press, 1989. Masheck, Joseph. Marcel Duchamp in Perspective. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey Prentice-Hall, 1975. Tomkins, Calvin. The World of Marcel Duchamp. capital of The Netherlands Time-Life,1985.

Global Communications Essay Example for Free

Global Communications EssayWhile thanking you for the opportunity provided to research on Toyota guild, there atomic number 18 several issues that neither be possible explained in detail in this letter nor directly in conversation. It is an agreeable position that, Toyota is marginally successful in these globular trade times in pique of stiff competition. A great strength of the familiarity exists in its innovative and exchange of engineering science. There argon several internal problems for the companionship in production process, workforce and even off in marketplaceing of gondola cars. Toyota friendship is a middle class and commercial automobile company, which is meeting a great requirement of migrator workers and small businesses which ar developing each new day especially in U. S, which is being cash in by Toyota company. However there are major concerns of global crude oil cost which has reached $100. 00 per barrel and a concern of global warming and emiss ion of greenhouse gases, CO2, vehicle pollution are or so of the major threats that Toyota has to work with in regularise to sustain in the market. Enclosing herewith a synopsis for your studying and information. Sincerely, PaulbrightSynopsis on Toyota Toyota company is a multinational company in become of automobiles. There are millions of customers who are using Toyota cars on a daily basis for office breathing out and for some other commercial purposes. Especially in U. S. Toyota cars are extremely in use and even in the recent years, Toyota company has posted a rapid growth by its successful brand Prius crossbred vehicle. Many experts in automobiles are of the opinion that Toyota has established green image in automobile market. Toyota company mark as a monopoly did not leave the company without problems in spite of its remarkable success.The problems are in various measures such as internal and external which the companys management has to act up with. Although Toyota co mpany is performing fairly well as compared with competitors there are problems of defective engines, designs and production problems which theorize in fall of sales. Particularly with regard to safety defects in Toyota vehicles is of a major concern to the company. Toyota company has a great experience in adoption of new technologies, innovation of technology and exchange of technology.However, with the publish of globalisation, there is a stiff competition in the market, which brings in new kind of marketing problems, enjoyment problems and other management problems to the company, whereas it is an agreeable fact that when there are problems, solution exists within the problem whether it is in production, workforce or marketing and these require proper identification of sources of problem, analysis and strategies to counter-attack the problem in order to keep the growth of the company.Especially with global fuel price rise in oil market, bringing a new major concern to Toyota company, which discourages customers to purchase petrol or diesel driven automobiles with the fact that fuel filling is quite expensive. Therefore Toyota company has launched Toyota FCHW which runs with Hydrogen have also entered consumer market as substitute vehicles for petrol and diesel. These hydrogen vehicles also help in less emission of CO2 into the atmosphere.In spite of the acute measure of problems, Toyota company has been endeavoring constantly pursuing comfort with technology aid and in introducing more outperforming and outstanding vehicles into the cars market. Running head GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS 202, Chenoy Avenue St. Josephs street Las Vegas 232 001 (xxx) (xxx xxx) emailprotected com February 3, 2008 Mr. Noel leafy vegetable Automobile Consultant 222, Business Trade center California 452 005 Dear Mr. parking lot, Thanks indeed for the pricy opportunity to research on ordinary Motors.It was a knowledgeable experience in finding some key facts about the company. ecumenic Motors is truly facing a halted position in U. S market and is doing very well outside U. S. However, retaining a proportionate share of domestic market is considered to be serious at all times with the fact that unrivalled does not lose battle on ones own ground . Have stated some of the alternative measures of strategies General Motors has to undertake with conterminous effect and mode of change in useable methods. Enclosing herewith synopsis of General Motors for your perusal and for further necessary action.Sincerely, Paulbright Synopsis on General Motors Another multinational company General Motors with big and massive successful track of business for several decades, has come to a stage of halt in U. S market as its competitors Toyota, Honda,Hyundai and Nissan have built a proportionate consumer market in U. S. It is an unobjectionable fact that, General Motors brands of cars are extremely of efficient functioning and repayable to changing times of global trade entering domestic market, GM has lost sales in an uneven field. This gives out another(prenominal) fact that losing U.S market does not mean that GM has lost consumer market in other countries viz. , Canada, Europe, Asia and galore(postnominal) other embark ons of the world. GM opulence cars Chevrolet, Saturn, Pontiac, GMC, Saab, Hummer and several other mouldings of car have to be made available in market with super special features of advanced technology with cost effective pricing. As a matter of fact, although middle class consumer market is extensive and wide, luxury cars have perpetually retained a unique identity in the market such as in Benz cars, BMW and Lexus.In other words, General Motors must work on innovative manufacturing and marketing strategies in order to maintain its yester years reputation and to keep the sale of cars in high numbers even in losing ground of U. S. market. GM must also work to evolve new methods of marketing to obstruct loss of consumer mar ket in North America with the fact that North America has a coarse market even if it is for luxury cars. Therefore, General Motors while pursuing other export market, a part of its concentration must also be ventured in North America consumer market.With an apparent fact of abominable battle with competitors, General Motors has also been confronted with workforce problems by cutting 30,000 jobs and closure of a dozen plants due to companys record of loss which posted nearly to $4 billion in 2005. GM sought to destroy small dealers through their so-called secret Project 2000, which GM defined as the systematic elimination of small dealerships by the year 2000, and was designed to consolidate car sales at large auto malls, (Horvath). Running head GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS 202, Chenoy Avenue St. Josephs street Las Vegas 232 001 (xxx) (xxx xxx)emailprotected com February 3, 2008 Mr. Noel Park Automobile Consultant 222, Business Trade center California 452 005 Dear Mr. Park, With regard to the synopsis of Toyota and General Motors, the following are some of the key findings. (a) The scenario of Toyota and General Motors is fair and competitive. Both the companies have internal, external and operational method problems. General Motors is partly facing a financial crunch due to its fall in sales and this can be prevented on undertaking of new marketing strategies in U. S as well in other parts of the world where GM branded cars are mostly in want.(b) Problems of production, workforce, management are plenty in Toyota whereas General Motors has slashed jobs and have closed plants in many countries as a precautionary measure. It can always be presumed that these plants would be restored to production as and when the company regains its market. (c) No company can meet every demand of a customer whereas every model of car has a particular design and technicality and with this fact, it can be concluded that branded cars always retain its reputation even though new entries are available in the market at low cost.The trend in market is never constant and it keeps changing and General Motors has an opportunity to remark this trend of consumer market and must restore its marketing strategies.References Michael Kowalski (2007), Rapid Growth has lead to problems for Toyota Accessed February 3, 2008 http//www. glgroup. com/ parvenues/Rapid-Growth-has-lead-to-problems-for-Toyota-18827. hypertext markup language Should President Bush be focused on moving forward with Hydrogen? Accessed February 3, 2008 http//hydrogendiscoveries. wordpress. com/ BooksCornelius Herstatt (2005) Management of engine room And Innovation in Japan Accessed February 3, 2008 http//books. google. com/books? id=KC7zgDeAnc8Cpg=PR22lpg=PR19dq=toyota+company+problems+and+solutionsie=ISO-8859-1output=htmlsig=7ATxnpTUENdyS6Dd22CkmAh24ko General Motors GM Solutions for effective change Accessed February 3, 2008 http//ezinearticles. com/? GM-Solutions-For-Effective-Changeid=152642 General Mo tors problems are no secret, but few know why they exist Insider provides answer in New Book Project 2000

Situation Essay Example for Free

Situation EssaySituation AAn employee took meter off due to his wife giving produce prematurely. His requested time off was approved by his original manager as the employee qualified for FMLA since he has been with the caller for two course of studys and was for the consider of his spouse. on a lower floor (1)FMLA rules certain employees can be provided up to 12 weeks unpaid, melody-protected run per year. The employee must become for the beau monde at least 12 months, have at least 1250 hours during the 12 months and the where the employee flow, the partnership must employ at least 50 employees within 75 miles. (1) Eligible reasons for issue to be granted to an employee argon * birth and fright of the newborn child of an employee* placement with the employee of a child for adoption or foster c are * to care for an immediate family member (spouse, child, or parent) with a serious health condition or to flash medical entrust when the employee is unable to work bec ause of a serious health condition.The employee requested to return to work after 11 weeks, his new manager approved his return along with his pay prior to his leave from the confederacy. The employees request for payment of his salary while he was on leave for 11 weeks was non approved. The company would not be in impact of FMLA rules if the new manager decides not to pay the employee. (1)FMLA states that leave is to be unpaid and therefore the company has the right not to pay. The company complied with all the FMLA eligibility rules when they granted leave and reinstated the employee to his original position and pay rate at the end of his 11 week leave to care for his wife and new born children. If the company provides sick or vacation time an employee can bear this during their time off. Its an unfortunate situation for the employee and the company.The returning employees original manager left the company during the employees leave and approved his being paid during his leave I feel the following actions should coin place. First, attempts to contact the previous manager to confirm the employees statement and upon confirmation payment should be granted. Second, the company should show a gesture of good faith and up hold the original managers agreement. Third, an amendment to company policy should be put in place to cover future events. Written and write by both management and employee to the exact terms agreed upon prior to leave under FMLA are to be taken. This is for the protection of the company and their employees.Situation BA company conducts its annual review in which the results reveal one of its senior employees (68yr old) is doing exemplary work and another younger employee (32yr old) is doing average work. The progress was given to the younger (32yr old) employee over the senior (68yr old) employee due to his age. Even though the fact that the senior employees work was above par in comparison to the younger employee. The company is in direct violation of the ADEA of 1967 which states (2)certain applicant and employees who are 40 years of age and older are protected from inequality on the basis of age in hiring, promotion, discharge, compensation, or terms, conditions or privileges of employment. In this case the 68 year old employee could sue the company based on Age Discrimination and win.Situation CA electric authorization applicant who is wheelchair bound due to paralysis of his lower extremities applied for an open position with company x. The applicant would need to have access to all seven floors in order to do their job. The company would need to provide reasonable accommodations. political party X denied the potential applicant because of undue hardship that would be brought on the company for retro fitting the elevator keypads in two of the four elevators to accommodate the potential applicant needs to gain access to all the floors.After reviewing the American Disabilities Act of 1990 and the needs of the potential applicant to determine whether retro fitting the existing elevator keypads would create an undue hardship to Company X or not I found the following (34) Reasonable accommodation is any transport or adjustment to the work environment that would allow the disabled worker to perform the essential functions of the job or to allow the disabled worker to enjoy the benefits and privileges of employment equal to employees without disabilities. These additional accessibility alterations are only required to the extent that the added accessibility tolls do not overhaul 20% of the cost of the original alteration. However, the facility is obligated up to the 20% limit. The path of travel requirement covers elevators, ramps, doorways, pathways, drinking fountains, phones, work space etc.Company X should provide backup documentation that shows retro fitting the elevators would exceed 20% therefore creating the undue hardship. The only alternative suggestion would be not to retro fit the elevators. Two of the four are not in need of retro fitting so if the potential applicant could safely gain access to all seven floors and still be in compliance with ADA then Company X would be and only then be in violation of ADA when they denied the applicant employment.

Daily Checklist Safety Essay Example for Free

Daily Checklist natural rubber EssayWhen planning healthy and harmless indoor and outdoor environments and services, in that location atomic number 18 certain factors which need to be considered for example, the conniption needs to include into account the risks and hazards around the setting inside and outside -outside, to ensure there are no pestilential plants, berries and sharp objects and inside that all the doors and gates are locked. Risk assess the setting for broken toys, the taradiddle needs to be clean and clear, plugs are covered and fire exit doors are clear. The layout should have musculus quadriceps femoris between each activity and display.Health and Safety is monitored and take fored in the setting by (is there a checklist for example where you have a list of daily/hourly checks to do on the premise to ensure you are maintaining a healthy and safe setting?) following a Health and Safety Checklist provided to us by our manager which includes tasks such as check the doors are locked, that there is a rubber eraser gate to the kitchen area, practise fire drills and ensuring hazardous substances are locked away in cupboards. By following these checklists we are also made aware of the risks and hazards not following the checklist can cause and this encourages us to have safely. electric current guidance for planning healthy and safety environments and services can be sourced from the Playgroup Manager, Slough Sure spring ,Ofsted, The Dept of Education, Health protection agency and the EYFS.Following the current guidance in the health and safety at work act 1974, gives the responsibility for health and safety to the employer and employees. The premises must be well maintain and safe, accidents and indents form must be fill in when any accident occurs. Health and safety at work regulations 1999, peasantcare act 2006, and the 2008 act that covers the early years and legislation on safeguarding. The EYFS 2008 ensures that there is an with child(p)/child ratio in place, a first aid qualified person in the setting at all times and all staff have a qualification of about direct 2.The setting follow the policies and the guideline of the EYFS. We risk assess when taking the children off the setting premises by filling in a trip planner with the name of the child and the contact number of the child parent with they permission form. Name of all the staff that are going on the trip. (This is an example, you need to inform more about how staff are made aware of the risks and hazards in the setting and encouraged to work safely, give examples like, posters, staff meetings. How does Sharon monitor you guys on HS or how does she give HS information to you).

Research Paper Essay Example for Free

Research report EssayPharmaceutical Companies, Intellectual Property, and the Global AIDS Epidemic This case is provided at the end of chapter 3 of your text (Luthans and Doh). After reading the case, and performing research on the topic, answer the following questions1.) Do pharmaceutical companies have a responsibility to distribute drugs for free or at low cost in developing countries? What are the main arguments for and against such an approach?2.) What are the principal arguments of pharma companies who oppose qualification exception to IPR laws for developing countries? What are the arguments by NGOs and others for a differential treatment?3.) What impact would you expect sec Africas decision to levy duties on drug imports from Western nations to have on the international distribution of drugs to sec Africa?4.) In June 2002, the WTO extended the transition period during which least-developed countries (LDCs) had to provide patent protection for pharmaceuticals. In your op inion, do you retrieve this is an appropriate change in policy, or a dangerous precedent? What could be some of the negative ramifications of this resolution? What about effects for other industries?5.) Given the initiatives announced by global development and encourage organizations and among pharmaceutical companies themselves, was it necessary to relax IPR rules in order to en accredited that adequate supplies of AIDs medications would be forthcoming for distribution in the developing world? 6.) What role do MNCs have in providing funding or other assistance to international organizations such as the Global Fund?Present your answers using APA-format eightsome to ten pages, double-spaced, using 12-point Times New Roman font. Also, please be sure to cite only scholarly information paraphrased or quoted from your researched sources of information on the case topic. Fin each(prenominal)y, be sure to include a separate Reference Page on which you list all of your research informa tion sources according to arrange APA citation style, depending on the kind of source book, chapter, published article, internet article, etc. Submit this duty assignment to your instructor in Learning Plan 6 via the Assignment Drop Box labeled Research Paper.This assignment is worth 275 points and will be graded based on the Writing Intensive Rubric. Be sure that your paper shows multiple revisions with improved focus and clear writing for a general audience. Please phone to check your paper against the criteria in the Writing Intensive Research Paper Rubric before submitting it (see cerebrate above in this paragraph). Also, please let your Instructor know if you have any questions at all regarding producing or submitting this Research Paper assignment as the course progresses.a

User Behavior at Pinnacle Peak Essay Example for Free

User Behavior at upside florescence Essay meridian Peak Hiking Area is a multipurpose, exercise remnant use for both(prenominal) hiking and equestrians. It is a 1. 75 mile one- elbow room trail in Rio Verde, Arizona with breathtaking views of the Sonoran Desert from both direction. Because the trail is not a loop, there is a lot of art on the trail, especially during the wasteweir and winter seasons and on weekends. Families specifically enjoy this trail because there is no way for their children to get befogged there is one way in and one way out, no confusing side trails for anyone to take. in that location ar a a few(prenominal) areas where multitude are tempted to cut corners when there is a lot of traffic on the trail. This is quite dangerous as the entire trail is up a mountain and soul could very easily slip and fall. To help pr shell multitude from cutting corners, the management has strategically placed rocks and logs along certain corners so it is a lot harder for people to step outside these boundaries. Parking for Pinnacle Peak is a disaster. at that place is very little parking in the designated parking lot, and so people have to park on the street and fling a fairly far distance forwards they even reach the trailhead.Like the trail, there is only one way in and one way out there is no going around the busy street full of cars. On weekends when the trail is highly busy, the parking situation is chaotic. People are out of breath walking uphill in the beginning they even reach the trailhead. At the trail head there is a large shaded area, decorated to the Tempter its desert surroundings, for people to stretch, loosening, drink water, and have snacks both before and after their hikes. I found this passing inviting and welcoming to users of all ages and hiking abilities.However, the trail itself is quite uninviting. The trail is unsuitable for both hikers and equestrians to be using at the same time. It is very rare that you will see horses on the trail even without the horses, the trail is not nearly wide enough for the amount of hikers it sees each day. Several people would rather run than walk Pinnacle Peak, and some like to enjoy their time in nature while slowly strolling the trail. As mentioned before, families sexual love this hike, and enjoy brining their children out to enjoy it with them.Unfortunately, with the amount of people Pinnacle Peak attracts, there are often times when people will have to either step aside, or stop and conceal for other hikers/runners to pass by. The waiting is annoying and inconvenient, especially for those fully dedicated to their workout, and needing to complete their hike without a single stop. Pam Carothers (2001) states in the article Social Values Versus social Conflict among Hikers and Mountain Bikers that sport conflict is a major issue, whether it is on a hiking trail or on a lake. Interpersonal conflict between hikers and mountain bikers may be related to speed, lack of courtesy, crowding, or golosh concerns. Safety issues, for example, have been linked to trail design (blind corners) and the behaviors of some mountain bikers who ride to a fault fast for existing conditions (page 48). The same idea may apply to runners versus hikers, and those who are on the trail to exercise, versus those on the trail to enjoy the scenery.The only possibility to helping with the waiting situation would be a wider trail, as yet that process would be very long and tedious, as salutary as expensive. Management has provided two stop areas throughout the trail in which people can step aside, let people pass, grab a drink of water, and enjoy the scenery, all while staying out of other hikers ways. A few more rest stops/pull out areas could help out with the congestion and waiting, as well as people cutting corners and possibly injuring them selves.Before you reach the trailhead, there is an information center with brochures, safety packets, and at tentive volunteers abstracted to answer any questions you may have about the trail, scenery or surrounding wildlife. John Loleit, merriment Coordinator at Pinnacle Peak says, Year round, you have a good chance of spotting wildlife, especially in the early morning and at dusk. The information center in any case has bright, detailed pictures of prejudicial insects, animals, and plants to keep an eye out for on the trail.Next to the information center are bathrooms, very well kept all year long with accessible stalls and water fountains. Because the trail is technically used for equestrians, too, some sort of horse facilities would be appropriate. Water troughs, large areas to park trailers, and hitching posts would all be extremely helpful for those with horses. Maybe with these extra facilities, the trail would attract more equestrians. As mentioned earlier, this site is very normal to families. Children are always playing on the rocks and benches at the beginning of the trail an d rest area.In or so cases this would be dangerous and unacceptable, however Pinnacle Peak is very kid friendly, and everything is set up for the safety of the hikers. Several runners cut across the trail on busy days when there are packs of people crowding certain areas. Even with the logs and rocks blocking off the corners, it is difficult to avoid this situation. Large groups of hikers love to stop and take pictures together with the beautiful desert scenery in the background. And who could blame them? Pinnacle Peak does an amazing job in taking advantage of its many views.No matter where you are on the trail, you will have a breath taking view of either Four Peaks or toms Thumb, and at the right time of day, the mixture of pinks and reds of the setting sun. I noticed right onward that Pinnacle Peaks trail is not horse friendly, even though it is speculate to cater to equestrian needs as well as pedestrians. The trail has several stairways made of logs and rocks, both very di fficult for horses to climb. The trail, along with the lack of horse facilities, probably discourages many equestrians from attending Pinnacle Peak. many an(prenominal) horse owners live in the area around Pinnacle Peak if they built a few facilities and fixed the trail to work with horses, they would be seeing a large increase of attendees. I also noticed that the trail was built in such a way that it works perfectly with the contours of the mountain. There are stretches of both smooth surfaces and uphill climbs, tight curves and long straightaways. They definitely used the area to the trounce of their ability when intend out how the trail would run.By completing this project I learnt the importance of planning ahead and taking into consideration how people interact with their environment. I think that when it comes time to plan an event, facility, or specific environment, researching other competitors is crucial, to see what works, what doesnt work, and what you are going to do to be proactive against certain issues. I expect to use this information professionally to help plan ahead for any event or facility in my future. The more knowledge and little tips I build now, the more active I will be for my professional career.

Aldi and Lidls Market Strategy: A Comparison

Aldi and Lidls Market dodge A ComparisonAldi and Lidl are both successful grocery retailer stores that started off their business in their home republic Germany and ended up expanding their markets to almost all parts in Europe. In theme of Aldi, they even engender their stores in Australia and Unites States. They both had the perfect market strategies for their grocery retail store that helped them amplify their profits on a larger scale.While Aldi followed a Hard discount strategy, Lidl followed a fruity discount strategy. Because of their long success, the companies are flat trying to enter the markets of Russia, Croatia, Mexico, Brazil etc.ALDIAldi is a German grocery retail store that offers HARD discount i.e. they sell less soma of items (store brands) at a very cheap price which increases their profit. Aldi was founded by Karl and Theo Albrecht in the 1960s. Aldi is short name for Albrecht Discount.They had a simple strategy of increasing their sales volume and profi t by subsidising the prices of the product. They had a minimalistic approach wherein they did not spend untold on the store design, client care or advertisement. They sold their products in warehouse uniform stores. By decreasing the prices of the products, they were able to sell more number of products and hence larger profit.Their target consumers were the average cipher consumers who prefer quality products at pull down prices. They followed the theory of economies of scale.If we were to compare Aldi and Lidl in terms of their sales volume, Aldi could be found to take more market in Germany than in a strange market. Lidl could be seen to aim more sales volume in outside markets than Aldi.Aldi has now reached market saturation on Germany and is now looking forward to expand their markets further and target a incompatible audience. They had a influence everyplace of 2.76bn in 2011 (The Grocer, 2011). Aldi has over 9000 stores all around the world now.LIDLLidl is to a faul t German grocery retail store that offers frail discount i.e. they sell larger number of items that include both branded products and store products at lower prices. Lidl was opened in 1973 by Dieter Schwarz in Ludwigshafen, Germany. Lidl entered France in 1988. They now have stores almost all over Europe and also in some parts of South America.COMPARISON- SALES VOLUMEIf we were to compare Aldi and Lidl in terms of their sales volume, Aldi could be found to have more market in Germany than in a foreign market. Lidl could be seen to have more sales volume in foreign markets than Aldi.REASONS WHY ALDI AND LIDL CHOSE GREENFIELD enthronisation STRATEGYGreenfield investment strategy is where a company buys a land and builds its store from zero level. Aldi had a strategy of buying lands in remote districts or in regions where the cost of property is low so as to spend minimum and gain maximum. Greenfield investment strategy helps the company to integrate with the culture of a foreign ma rket i.e. if they are targeting a foreign country. Companies could even get tax subsidies from the foreign country they are trying to penetrate on the basis that they provide employment to the topical anesthetics there. Employing locals is even more undecomposed as they help in better understanding of the culture in the foreign land which could in turn help in altering and modifying their products and strategy according to the cultural differences. Aldi and Lidl were able to adapt better to the foreign markets because of this strategy as it helps in a better understanding of the market in terms of customer preferences and tastes. This strategy had a positive impact on emerging markets as there was generation of employment, transfigure of knowledge and increase of living standards.Hence, the Greenfield investment strategy was beneficial to Aldi and Lidl as their primary market strategy while entering a foreign market.TO IMPROVE ITS IMAGE OF AN UNDERCLASS DISCOUNTER IN THE U.K AND IN SWITZERLAND, WHY ALDI ENLARGED ITS PRODUCT RANGE AND OFFERED A HIGHER SERVICE LEVEL TO CUSTOMERS?PROBLEMS AND RISKS ASSOCIATEDAldi had to depart from its challenging discount strategies it had back there in its home country Germany. Of course they had to come up with mod strategies to survive and to make profits in the new foreign market. When they entered the UK and Switzerland, they had to face controversys from the local brands already find out there. overly in UK, cheaper goods were looked upon as low in value and quality. Hence Aldi had to increase the prices of goods so as to attract the consumers and ensure that they sell quality products. Only recently they increased the price of milk over again in September, 2012. They did this so as to breakdown the material body of an UNDERCLASS discounter. Prices in the UK and Switzerland are almost twain times of that in Germany. Aldi also did some advertising campaigns to attract customers. In UK they started offering wide options of sum total products. The sales have doubled in the UK as of 2012 survey. Aldi also had to adapt their products to suit the customer needs. They did not sell German products instead they relabelled them in Switzerland and also sold regional products to satisfy the customer demands and tastes.This shows the richness of having and understanding strategies to be a winner in a foreign market.RISKS- Since Aldi is breaking way from its image of a hard discount provider and changing its strategy to survive the foreign market by increasing its price range, it could lose its customers to Lidl. In foreign markets like the U.K and Switzerland, Aldi no longer stands as an modelling of hard discount strategy. They spend money on customer service, advertising campaigns, store building and conniving following which increase the selling price of the goods. They now sell quality products at high price. They have started un-using the very basic strategy- selling at low prices for increas ed profits-for which they were known. Because of their changed image, they are at risk of losing their customers. internationalisation OF LIDL- FAST PUSHING AND ALDI- SLOW AND WELL- CONSIDERED?REASONS?It is true that the internationalisation process of Lidl is fast and pushing while that of Aldis is lento and well considered.Aldis slow and considered approach is sooner evident from the fact that it enters a foreign market with a gap of around 10 days. Aldi initially operated in Germany only. It moved to Austria only in 1967 i.e. seven years after its opening and success in the home country Germany. After ten years in Austria it entered the US market. This shows that Aldi first studies the foreign market, the scope for their growth, identifies the target consumers and come up with strategies before venturing into a foreign market. As the case study mentions, in Switzerland, Aldi first targeted German speaking regions of the country following which they penetrated their expansion.A ldi is quite cautious before venturing into a foreign market as clearly shown by the examples above.Lidl on the other(a) hand is quite fast in their approach. They follow a sort of trial and error method. This could be seen by the way they entered Poland and Norway.At times it worked for them, but at times it has also led them to huge losses (for e.g. in Norway)In 2007, when they expanded to Poland, they were able to make huge profits as compared to the rivalry Aldi. This is because when Lidl entered Poland, there were lesser or no competition in the market and they were able to get a fresh start and attract customers with offers that were new for the Polish customers. On the other hand, Aldi had to face more competition as by the time they entered, the markets had matured and saturated with more competitors.But this kind of adventurous venturing could also be harmful at times for example, in Norway in 2008 Lidl had to sell its stores to the local competitor Rema imputable to the failure of their strategies.First of all Norway has a unique population density spread and a different geographic location.Because of this the logistics and effectuation became costlier and led to losses. The location of the shop was also seen as wrong by Werner Eversten (Head of Lidl, Norway). Also there were some internal management problems like, the top management officials kept changing which in turn affected the strategy and planning process of the company.ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ALDIS STRATEGY.WHICH STRATEGY DO YOU RECOMMEND TO LIDL IN TERMS OF ITS geographic PRESENCE UNTIL 2020?Aldi is known for its well-considered approach. It still has more foreign markets other than in Europe as compared to Lidl.AdvantagesSince they go for deep study of the market, the strategies required and the local demands of a foreign market, it works positively for the company as they are able to adapt to a foreign market in a better manner. Venturing into markets like the US added to their profits because they were first to offer discounts and they experienced the First mover advantage. They had fewer competitors there. They work on the theory of economies of scale and penetrate into new markets where this is a new and a strategy never hear of. They avoid risks by carefully studying and analysing the market.DISADVANTAGESWhen Aldi entered foreign markets, it had to change its strategies to adapt to the customer demands of that country. As a result it had to bring in customer service schemes, advertisements, pamphlets, store designing which increased their expense. They had to increase their prices to chase for this thus shifting from their hard discount strategy. Due to this they could lose the customers in the lower income strata of the society. They will have to face the common and obvious risk of internationalisation i.e. understanding cultural differences (like in the UK) and facing the local competitors.Strategy for LidlLidl has always entered foreign markets in haste. It never considered the market demands or analysed the scope or the strategies. This could do harm to the company like it did in Norway where they had to sell off around 50 stores. They open a large number of stores simultaneously in a foreign environment which is quite risky and could bestow to huge losses and debts. They could have analysed more on the cultural aspect and customer tastes/preferences of the people that hold up in a foreign market.They could open a few outlets initially to study the level of betrothal of their store in the foreign market and then go for gradual increasing in number of stores. They could also analyse a foreign market before they enter so as to adapt well into the market and have better strategies. They could consider the location and geography of the country before they peril to avoid huge risks.Lidl could also consider entering emerging markets like India, China, and Brazil where there is a huge market for discounted items. If they could have a well-planned strategy before they enter these markets, they could make huge profits. For example, in India, there is a large young population who are attracted to foreign store outlets and also middle-class population that prefer items in low prices. There is a promising and potential market for Lidl in India and also in China. They could have to deal with the cumbersome regulations by government but with perfect implementation of strategies, they could be a huge success there.